Aging or the normal process of changes related to the passage of time. In Cuba, the older adult population has increased by more than 400 thousand people. Old age as the final phase of life is characterized by cellular and extracellular changes that gradually deteriorate the appearance and physical function, producing diseases, handicaps and dependence; which makes the demand and costs of health services and care grow considerably. In this work, a descriptive study was carried out with the objective of demonstrating the Cuban population behavior and the preponderant role that the nursing professional plays in his work of prevention, promotion and rehabilitation in order to guarantee the maintenance of health and the quality of life of the elderly.