The market of cooperation and association in Romanian agriculture was interpreted differently over the years. The agrarian policies in the recent decades did not treat cooperation with due responsibility, often being incoherent and superficial. Such attitudes generated multiple negative effects at the general level of agriculture, but especially in the field of cooperation. Based on these considerations, we elaborated this material, in which, during four chapters we addressed issues regarding the role of cooperation and association - as opportunities for rural area development, organization and legal creation of farms in Romania, types of farms, legal framework, the advantages and disadvantages of association and cooperation, the barriers appeared in association and cooperation, the associative structures in Romania. The last chapter presents a case study on the association in producer groups in South Muntenia Region, one of the 8 regions of Romania, with an agricultural area of 2.4 million hectares and favorable conditions for the development of cooperation and association of the agricultural producers.